
1 Samuel
First Samuel chronicles the transition of Israel from a loosely governed tribal system led by Judges to a unified monarchy under a king. The book introduces Samuel, the last great Judge and prophet, who anoints the first two kings. Initially, the people demand a king, and God grants their request with Saul, a tall and handsome man who is initially successful but soon proves disobedient and unstable. The majority of the book focuses on the rise of David, God's chosen king, starting with his humble anointing by Samuel and his famous victory over the giant Goliath. It describes the intense conflict and rivalry between the jealous King Saul and the righteous David.
The prophet Samuel dies. David sends men to the rich fool Nabal for supplies. Nabal rudely refuses, and David prepares to attack, but Abigail, Nabal's wise wife, intervenes and saves her household.
David again finds Saul asleep and refuses to kill him, taking only Saul’s spear and water jug as proof that he spared his life for a second time, demonstrating his integrity.
Tired of running, David flees Israel and seeks refuge with the Philistine king Achish in Gath. Achish gives David the town of Ziklag, where David lives for sixteen months as a double agent.
The Philistines prepare to attack Israel, forcing David to march with them. Saul, terrified of the battle and unable to hear from God, consults a medium at Endor, who raises the spirit of Samuel.
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