
Amos
Amos was an ordinary shepherd and fig-grower, not a professional prophet, whom God called to deliver a fierce message of social justice to the wealthy and complacent northern kingdom of Israel. His prophecy condemns the nation for its hypocrisy: they maintained religious rituals while actively oppressing the poor, the needy, and the powerless. Amos warns that their religious ceremonies are meaningless to God when justice and righteousness are ignored. He declares that because of their systemic sin and refusal to repent, military judgment from the Assyrians is imminent and inescapable. The book concludes with a powerful, forward-looking message of hope, promising that God will eventually restore the fallen kingdom of David.
Amos delivers God’s judgment against the nations surrounding Israel (Damascus, Philistia, Tyre) for their extreme violence and cruelty against others, establishing God's moral authority.
Amos condemns Moab, then focuses on Judah and Israel, listing social sins like oppressing the poor and condemning the righteous, confirming that Israel will face the severest judgment.
God reasons with Israel, explaining that their special covenant means they will be judged more strictly for their sin. God targets the wealthy elite who live in luxury and oppress the poor.
Amos sarcastically calls the complacent, wealthy women of Samaria "cows of Bashan," condemning their extravagant lifestyles. He warns that God's previous warnings (famine, drought) were ignored.
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