Numbers 26

Following the devastating plague, Moses and Eleazar (Aaron's son and the new High Priest) conduct a second census of all the fighting men of Israel, forty years after the first census at Sinai. This count confirms that every single man (except Joshua and Caleb) who was counted in the first census has died in the wilderness, fulfilling God’s judgment. The second census establishes the legal right of the new generation to inherit the Promised Land based on their tribal numbers, which total about 601,730 men.